Spatial Cournot Oligopoly with Vertical Linkages

This paper examines the equilibrium of location of N vertically-linked firms. In a spatial economy composed of two regions, a monopolist firm supplies an input to N consumer goods firms that compete in quantities. It was concluded that, when there are increases in the transport cost of the input, downstream firms prefer to agglomerate in the region where the upstream firm is located, in order to obtain savings in the production cost. On the other hand, increases in the general transport cost or in the number of downstream firms lead to a dispersion of these firms, in order to reduce competition and locate closer to the final consumer.Agglomeration; Intermediate Goods; Spatial Oligopoly.

Brain Energy Metabolism in Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy: an in vivo and longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy study on a rat model of Biliary Cirrhosis

Hepatic Encephalopathy is a major neuropsychiatric syndrome that arises from acute and chronic liver disease-induced cerebral disorders. Chronic hepatic encephalopathy is associated with cirrhosis and stems from progressive liver brosis, thereby inducing portal hypertension and deterioration in liver function. Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by increased levels of ammonia, named hyperammonemia. Given that hepatic encephalopathy induces disturbances in cerebral osmoregulation, neurotransmission, antioxidant and energy metabolism, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed longitudinally on a rat model of Type C chronic hepatic encephalopathy to assess cerebral osmolyte, energy, neurotransmitter and antioxidant metabolite concentrations. This technique was combined with 31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the purpose of measuring additional energy metabolite concentrations. The studies were carried out at 9.4 Tesla. Rats undergone bile-duct ligation and studies were performed at several stages of disease progression: 0, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. Results regarding brain osmolyte concentration showed a signi cant increase in Gln, a decrease in tChol and Ins as well as trends of decrease in Tau and Cr. These results suggest an osmoregulatory response to the increase of Gln. In what concerns to neurotransmission, a decrease was observed in Asp and Glu suggesting that neurotransmission is a ected by hyperammonemia which may be an evidence of alterations in the out ow of Gln from astrocytes and interfere with Glu synthesis. The reduction of antioxidants Asc and GSH may indicate oxidative stress due to ammonia exposure. Small trends of decrease observed in -ATP and other energy metabolites which may be a sign of energy disturbances but not signi cant to cause brain oedema. Overall, an increase in concentration levels of Gln it is pointed as the main cause of the minimal brain oedema supported by Glutamine Hypothesis. The results of this study are encouraging and relevant for future studies

Perfil das empresas que compõem o ISE e visão panorâmica dos reflexos da adesão ao índice: um estudo multi-caso

TCC (Graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Curso de Ciências ContábeisCom o aumento constante da população mundial e os avanços tecnológicos, aspectos como preservação do meio ambiente e responsabilidade social tem chamado a atenção de empresários, investidores e da sociedade em geral. Para que as empresas apresentem um desenvolvimento sustentável são utilizadas técnicas, métodos e índices. Nesse sentido temos no Brasil o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) que tem como finalidade refletir o retorno de uma carteira composta por ações de empresas com reconhecido comprometimento com a responsabilidade social e a sustentabilidade empresarial, e também atuar como promotor das boas práticas no meio empresarial brasileiro. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal demonstrar os reflexos da adesão ao ISE nas empresas integrantes do índice. O estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo e exploratório, os procedimentos adotados na coleta dos dados são o bibliográfico e o documental e a abordagem do problema, qualitativa e quantitativa. Constatou-se que a adesão ao ISE trouxe muitos benefícios para todas as empresas pesquisadas, sendo que os principais giram em torno da valorização das mesmas frente aos investidores e à sociedade, constituindo-se em uma ferramenta importante para a prática do desenvolvimento sustentável

Replicator Dynamics and Evolutionary Stable Strategies in Heterogeneous Games

We generalise and extend the work of Inarra and Laruelle (2011) by studying two person symmetric evolutionary games with two strategies, a heterogeneous population with two possible types of individuals and incomplete information. Comparing such games with their classic homogeneous version with complete information found in the literature, we show that for the class of anti-coordination games the only evolutionarily stable strategy vanishes. Instead, we find infinite neutrally stable strategies. We also model the evolutionary process using two different replicator dynamics setups, each with a different inheritance rule, and we show that both lead to the same results with respect to stability.

Replicator Dynamics and Evolutionary Stable Strategies in Heterogeneous Games

We generalise and extend the work of Inarra and Laruelle (2011) by studying two person symmetric evolutionary games with two strategies, a heterogeneous population with two possible types of individuals and incomplete information. Comparing such games with their classic homogeneous version with complete information found in the literature, we show that for the class of anti-coordination games the only evolutionarily stable strategy vanishes. Instead, we find infinite neutrally stable strategies. We also model the evolutionary process using two different replicator dynamics setups, each with a different inheritance rule, and we show that both lead to the same results with respect to stability.

FABSCHOOLS - Maker Education from Home

The COVID-19 crisis couldn’t be more devastating to the educational school closures. UNESCO estimates that around March 2020, at the peak of the pandemic crisis, 1.5 billion learners were affected by more than ninety percent of schools being closed worldwide (www.unesco.org). More than ever, educational strategies need to be adapted and evolved. The Maker community reaction in terms of the PPE Crisis in Hospitals proved the concept and importance of the Distributed Design (DD) proposal. But what about the implications on other areas? How will education be affected and change?info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Replicator Dynamics and Evolutionary Stable Strategies in Heterogeneous Games

We generalise and extend the work of Iñarra and Laruelle (2011) by studying two person symmetric evolutionary games with two strategies, a heterogenous population with two possible types of individuals and incomplete information. Comparing such games with their classic homogeneous version vith complete information found in the literature, we show that for the class of anti-coordination games the only evolutionarily stable strategy vanishes. Instead, we find infinite neutrally stable strategies. We also model the evolutionary process using two different replicator dynamics setups, each with a different inheritance rule, and we show that both lead to the same results with respect to stability.

Domain size heterogeneity in the Ising model: geometrical and thermal transitions

A measure of cluster size heterogeneity ($H$), introduced by Lee et al [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 84}, 020101 (2011)] in the context of explosive percolation, was recently applied to random percolation and to domains of parallel spins in the Ising and Potts models. It is defined as the average number of different domain sizes in a given configuration and a new exponent was introduced to explain its scaling with the size of the system. In thermal spin models, however, physical clusters take into account the temperature-dependent correlation between neighboring spins and encode the critical properties of the phase transition. We here extend the measure of $H$ to these clusters and, moreover, present new results for the geometric domains for both $d=2$ and 3. We show that the heterogeneity associated with geometric domains has a previously unnoticed double peak, thus being able to detect both the thermal and percolative transition. An alternative interpretation for the scaling of $H$ that does not introduce a new exponent is also proposed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure